|
|
The NGDS Pilot Project University of Karachi |
|
½ About the NGDS Pilot Project
½ The NGDS Team
½ Subprojects
½ Results
½ Publications
½ Links
½ Homepage of Project Director
½ |
The NGDS Pilot
Project URL: https://ngds-ku.org
The NGDS Pilot Project e-mail: profdrakamal@gmail.com
Results
Growth
Analysis
Scoliosis Detection
Growth Analysis
Case 1: An Obese Child
Case
2: A Severely Underweight Child
Case
1: An Obese Child
Date Format
Vital Statistics
Parents'
Heights
History
Physical Examination
Anthropometry
Growth Profile
A parent
approached the NGDS Team for possible short stature of her daughter. Here are
the measurements obtained during her four check ups.
Date Format
All dates are
given in the format:
Year-Month-Day
Vital Statistics
Name: Z. R.
Date of Birth: 1994-07-27
Gender: Female
Parents’ Heights
Mother (measured): 150.8
cm on 2000-10-25
Father (reported): 5 feet 6 inches
History
Between her second and her third check up Z. R. was
hospitalized. Mother reported weight loss.
Physical Examination
Z. R. had normal heart sounds (standing and squatting
positions).
Z. R. showed signs of anemia during her first three check ups.
Mother was asked to have Blood Hemoglobin
done. Her condition considerably improved during the fourth check up.
Z. R. had her knees joining and showed signs of trunk deformity
during all her check ups. Mother was asked to have AP X ray (standing) of the
entire spine (external auditory meatus to hip joint), for the detection of
scoliosis, done. A moiré examination was scheduled at the time of her fifth check up.
Anthropometry
Child relaxed and coöperative during all
checkups
First checkup
on 1999-03-01
Height: 96.0 cm
Mass: 13.5 kg
Second
checkup on 2000-10-25
Height: 107.2 cm
Mass: 17.0 kg
Third
checkup on 2001-03-19
Height: 109.0 cm
Mass: 19.0 kg
Fourth
checkup on 2002-04-06
Height: 115.9 cm
Mass: 21.0 kg
Growth
Profile Tabular
Form Graphical
Form Bar-Chart
Form
Adult-MP (Target)
height: 152.72 cm (5
feet 0.1 inch) [MP stands for 'mid-parental']
Adult-MP mass (weight): 46.67 kg (102 lb 14.6 oz) [corresponding to MP
height]
CDC-growth-curve percentile: 5.489 [corresponding to MP height]
Between
the First and the Second Checkup
Height-for-age profile: 1.57 cm (0.62 inch) SHORT for age [STUNTED]
Height-velocity-for-age
profile: Height
velocity 0.23 cm/year (0.09 inch/year) MORE than the reference value [growing
FAST]
Height prediction: 108.9 cm (3
feet 6.9 inches) at the age 6 years 6 months
Mass-for-age (Weight-for-age) profile: 0.07 kg LESS mass for age (UNDERWEIGHT
for age by 2.6 oz)
Rate-of-mass-gain-for-age
(weight-gain-for-age) profile: 0.08 kg/year (0.17 lb/year) LESSER than the reference value [rate
LOW]
Mass (Weight) prediction: 17.54 kg
(38 lb 10.8 oz) at the age 6 years 6 months
Obesity profile: Body-mass
Index (BMI) 0.31 kg/m2 MORE than the reference value [OBESE]
Mass-for-height (Weight-for-height)
profile: 0.35 kg
EXCESS mass for height
(OVERWEIGHT for height by 12.2 oz) [FAT]
Between the Second and the Third Checkup
Height-for-Age
Profile: 1.35
cm (0.53 inch) SHORT for age [STUNTED]
Height-Velocity-for-Age
[compared to reference]: Height
velocity 1.53 cm/year (0.60 inch/year) LESSER than the reference value
[growing SLOW]
Height prediction: 110.6 cm (3
feet 7.5 inches) at the age 7 years
Mass-for-age (Weight-for-age) profile: 0.93 kg EXCESS mass for age
(OVERWEIGHT for age by 2 lb 0.6 oz)
Rate-of-mass-gain-for-age (weight-gain-for-age)
profile: 3.27 kg/year (7.20 lb/year)
MORE than the reference value [rate HIGH]
Mass (Weight) prediction: 20.80 kg
(45 lb 13.8 oz) at the age 7 years
Obesity profile: Body-mass
Index (BMI) 1.61 kg/m2 MORE than the reference value [OBESE]
Mass-for-height (Weight-for-height)
profile: 1.89 kg EXCESS mass for height.
(OVERWEIGHT for height by 4 lb 2.7 oz)
[FAT]
Between
the Third and the Fourth Checkup
Height-for-Age Profile: 1.06 cm (0.41 inch) SHORT for age [STUNTED]
Height-Velocity-for-Age
[compared to reference]: Height
velocity 1.03 cm/year (0.40 inch/year) MORE than the reference value [growing
FAST]
Height prediction at the age 8 years: 117.9 cm (3
feet 10.4 inches) at the age 8 years
Mass-for-age (Weight-for-age) profile: 1.53 kg excess mass for age
(OVERWEIGHT for age by 3 lb 6.1 oz)
Rate-of-mass-gain-for-age
(weight-gain-for-age) profile: 0.13 kg/year (0.29 lb/year) MORE than the reference value [rate
HIGH]
Mass (Weight) prediction: 21.58 kg
(47 lb 9.3 oz) at the age 8 years
Obesity profile: Body-mass Index (BMI) 1.57 kg/m2
MORE than the reference value [OBESE]
Mass-for-height (Weight-for-height) profile: 2.07 kg EXCESS mass for height.
(OVERWEIGHT for height by 4 lb 9.0 oz) [FAT]
The gap between reference height and
actual height is DECREASING. However, Z. R. is OVERWEIGHT both for age and for
height.
Implications
The overweight condition may lead to
CARDIAC PROBLEMS. It may, also, cause EARLY PUBERTY, and, eventually,
STUNTING.
Z. R. must be, closely, watched for signs of TRUNK
DEFORMITIES on a regular basis, using visual and moiré examinations. She
must indulge in FAT-BURNING ACTIVITIES to control her weight. Source
Case 2: A Severely
Underweight Child
Here is the case of a girl belonging to a well-to-do family. She
is studying in a private school, located in a posh area of Karachi. The child
is youngest of three children, pampered by all family members. The Clinical
Profile (sent to the child's pediatrician) and the Growth Profile (given and
explained to the child's parents; a copy also sent to the child's pediatrician)
are given below. The child was examined by her pediatrician, who agreed with
the preliminary diagnosis.
Open Acrobat Reader before downloading these files.
Growth-and-Obesity Profiles of Children (after the
first check up) M.
Family PDF U.
Family PDF
Growth-and-Obesity Detailed Calculations (of the above profiles) M.
Family PDF U.
Family PDF
(for the benefit of researchers, teachers and graduate students)
Scoliosis
Detection
Many 'C' and 'S' curves were detected, while conducting the
checkups. A 'C' curve may be due to posture, but an 'S' curve is almost always pathological
resulting in PERMANENT DEFORMITY as well as effects on VITAL and
REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS.
In the photo gallery one may examine the X ray of a 6-year-old child having a 5-degree-C curve. This curve was detected during the
NGDS screening. All her 3 sisters (ages: 3 years, 9 years, 12 years) showed
positive on forward-bending tests. These children were to be followed up by the
NGDS Team, using visual and moiré examinations (a sample moiré is placed in the photo gallery). The backscatter-moiré of the spinal column (proposed on May 30, 2013 by the Project Director) seems to have the potential of going one step ahead in scoliosis management.
A 10-year-old girl with a positive forward bending was referred for X ray. An
'S' curve was confirmed. All her siblings were screened. Her 9-year-old brother
was checked. An 'S' curve was observed on physical examination. He was referred
for X ray. Her 5 ½-year-old bother was negative on examination. Another 8-year-
old girl had an 'S' curve confirmed on X ray. Her 5-year-old sister was
positive on physical examination. The team met fathers of these children, who
were advised to have the children examined by a pediatric orthopedist.
The NGDS Team, strongly, recommends screening all siblings if any child is
tested positive on both forward bending and visual
examination of back.
Updated: February
1, 2023 (0000h UTC)
|
½ About the NGDS Pilot Project ½ The NGDS Team ½ Subprojects ½ Results ½ Publications ½ Links ½ Homepage of Project
Director ½ |
Best
viewed with 800 x 600 screen resolution using Microsoft Internet Explorer.
Copyright 1998-2023. The NGDS Pilot Project